NAME

amd — automatically mount file systems

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

The amd utility is a daemon that automatically mounts file systems whenever a file or directory within that file system is accessed. File systems are automatically unmounted when they appear to be quiescent.

The amd utility operates by attaching itself as an NFS server to each of the specified directories. Lookups within the specified directories are handled by amd, which uses the map defined by mapname to determine how to resolve the lookup. Generally, this will be a host name, some file system information and some mount options for the given file system.

In the first form depicted above, amd will print a short help string. In the second form, if no options are specified, or if the -F is used, amd will read configuration parameters from the file conf_file which defaults to /etc/amd.conf. The last form is described below.

OPTIONS

-a temporary-directory

Specify an alternative location for the real mount points. The default is /.amd_mnt.

-c duration

Specify a duration, in seconds, that a looked up name remains cached when not in use. The default is 5 minutes.

-d domain

Specify the local domain name. If this option is not given the domain name is determined from the hostname.

-k kernel-arch

Specifies the kernel architecture. This is used solely to set the ${karch} selector.

-l logfile

Specify a logfile in which to record mount and unmount events. If logfile is the string “syslog”, then the log messages will be sent to the system log daemon by syslog(3). The default syslog facility used is LOG_DAEMON. If you wish to change it, append its name to the log file name, delimited by a single colon. For example, if logfile is the string “syslog:local7” then amd will log messages via syslog(3) using the LOG_LOCAL7 facility (if it exists on the system).

-n

Normalize hostnames. The name referred to by ${rhost} is normalized relative to the host database before being used. The effect is to translate aliases into “official” names.

-o op_sys_ver

Override the compiled-in version number of the operating system. Useful when the built in version is not desired for backward compatibility reasons. For example, if the build in version is “2.5.1”, you can override it to “5.5.1”, and use older maps that were written with the latter in mind.

-p

Print PID. Outputs the process ID of amd to standard output where it can be saved into a file.

-r

Restart existing mounts. The amd utility will scan the mount file table to determine which file systems are currently mounted. Whenever one of these would have been auto-mounted, amd inherits it.

-t timeout.retransmit

Specify the NFS timeout interval, in tenths of a second, between NFS/RPC retries (for UDP only). The default is 0.8 seconds. The second value alters the retransmit counter, which defaults to 11 retransmissions. Both of these values are used by the kernel to communicate with amd. Useful defaults are supplied if either or both values are missing.

The amd(8) utility relies on the kernel RPC retransmit mechanism to trigger mount retries. The values of these parameters change the overall retry interval. Too long an interval gives poor interactive response; too short an interval causes excessive retries.

-v

Version. Displays version and configuration information on standard error.

-w interval

Specify an interval, in seconds, between attempts to dismount file systems that have exceeded their cached times. The default is 2 minutes.

-x options

Specify run-time logging options. The options are a comma separated list chosen from: fatal, error, user, warn, info, map, stats, defaults, all. Note that "fatal" and "error" are mandatory and cannot be turned off.

-y domain

Specify an alternative NIS domain from which to fetch the NIS maps. The default is the system domain name. This option is ignored if NIS support is not available.

-A arch

Specifies the OS architecture. This is used solely to set the ${arch} selector.

-C cluster-name

Specify an alternative HP-UX cluster name to use.

-D option

Select from a variety of debug options. Prefixing an option with the string “no” reverses the effect of that option. Options are cumulative. The most useful option is “all”.

Since -D is only used for debugging other options are not documented here: the current supported set of options is listed by the -v option and a fuller description is available in the program source.

-F conf_file

Specify an amd configuration file to use. See amd.conf(5) for description of this file's format. This configuration file is used to specify any options in lieu of typing many of them on the command line. The amd.conf(5) file includes directives for every command line option amd has, and many more that are only available via the configuration file facility. The configuration file specified by this option is processed after all other options had been processed, regardless of the actual location of this option on the command line.

-H

Print help and usage string.

-O op_sys_name

Override the compiled-in name of the operating system. Useful when the built in name is not desired for backward compatibility reasons. For example, if the build in name is “sunos5”, you can override it to “sos5” and use older maps which were written with the latter in mind.

-S

Do not lock the running executable pages of amd into memory. To improve amd's performance, systems that support the plock(3) call, could lock the amd process into memory. This way there is less chance the operating system will schedule, page out, and swap the amd process as needed. This tends to improve amd's performance, at the cost of reserving the memory used by the amd process (making it unavailable for other processes). If this behavior is not desired, use the -S option.

-T tag

Specify a tag to use with amd.conf(5). All map entries tagged with tag will be processed. Map entries that are not tagged are always processed. Map entries that are tagged with a tag other than tag will not be processed.

FILES

/.amd_mnt

directory under which file systems are dynamically mounted

/etc/amd.conf

default configuration file

CAVEATS

Some care may be required when creating a mount map.

Symbolic links on an NFS file system can be incredibly inefficient. In most implementations of NFS, their interpolations are not cached by the kernel and each time a symbolic link is encountered during a lookuppn translation it costs an RPC call to the NFS server. It would appear that a large improvement in real-time performance could be gained by adding a cache somewhere. Replacing symlinks with a suitable incarnation of the auto-mounter results in a large real-time speedup, but also causes a large number of process context switches.

A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all the features.

SEE ALSO

domainname(1), hostname(1), syslog(3), amd.conf(5), mtab(5), amq(8), automount(8), mount(8), umount(8)

“am-utils” info(1) entry.

Erez Zadok, Linux NFS and Automounter Administration, Sybex, 2001, ISBN 0-7821-2739-8.

http://www.am-utils.org/

Amd - The 4.4 BSD Automounter.

HISTORY

The amd utility first appeared in 4.4BSD.

AUTHORS

Jan-Simon Pendry ⟨jsp@doc.ic.ac.uk⟩, Department of Computing, Imperial College, London, UK.

Erez Zadok ⟨ezk@cs.sunysb.edu⟩, Computer Science Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.

Other authors and contributors to am-utils are listed in the AUTHORS file distributed with am-utils.