NAME

gvinum — Logical Volume Manager control program

DEPRECATION NOTICE

gvinum and associated geom(4) kernel support is deprecated, and may not be available in FreeBSD 14.0 and later. Users are advised to migrate to gconcat(8), gmirror(8), gstripe(8), graid(8), or ZFS(8). More information is available at https://wiki.freebsd.org/DeprecationPlan/gvinum.

SYNOPSIS

COMMANDS

attach plex volume [rename]

 

attach subdisk plex [offset] [rename]

Attach a plex to a volume, or a subdisk to a plex. If offset is specified, the subdisk will be attached to the given offset within the plex. If rename is specified, the subdisk or plex will change name according to the object it attaches to.

checkparity [-f] plex

Check the parity blocks of a RAID-5 plex. The parity check will start at the beginning of the plex if the -f flag is specified, or otherwise at the location of the parity check pointer, the first location at which plex's parity is incorrect. All subdisks in the plex must be up for a parity check.

concat [-fv] [-n name] drives

Create a concatenated volume from the specified drives. If no name is specified, a unique name will be set by gvinum.

create [-f] [description-file]

Create a volume as described in description-file. If no description-file provided, opens an editor and provides the current gvinum configuration for editing. The -f flag will make gvinum ignore any errors regarding creating objects that already exists. However, in contrast to vinum, objects that are not properly named in the description-file will not be created when the -f flag is given.

detach [-f] [plex | subdisk]

Detach a plex or subdisk from the volume or plex to which it is attached.

grow plex device

Grow a plex by creating a gvinum drive and subdisk on device and attach it to the plex. If required by the plex organization, it will be put into the growable state.

help

Provides a synopsis of gvinum commands and arguments.

l | list [-rvV] [volume | plex | subdisk]

 

ld [-rvV] [drive ...]

 

ls [-rvV] [subdisk ...]

 

lp [-rvV] [plex ...]

 

lv [-rvV] [volume ...]

List information about the relevant object(s). The -r flag provides recursive display, showing each object's subordinate objects in proper relation. The -v and -V flags provide progressively more detailed output.

mirror [-fsv] [-n name] drives

Create a mirrored volume from the specified drives. It requires at least a multiple of 2 drives. If no name is specified, a unique name will be set by gvinum. If the -s flag is specified, a striped mirror will be created, and thus requires a multiple of 4 drives.

move | mv -f drive subdisk [...]

Move the subdisk(s) to the specified drive. The -f flag is required, as all data on the indicated subdisk(s) will be destroyed as part of the move. This can currently only be done when the subdisk is not being accessed.

If a single subdisk is moved, and it forms a part of a RAID-5 plex, the moved subdisks will need to be set to the “stale” state, and the plex will require a start command. If multiple subdisk(s) is moved, and form part of a RAID-5 plex, the moved disk(s) will need to be set to the “up” state and the plex will require a rebuildparity command. If the subdisk(s) form part of a plex that is mirrored with other plexes, the plex will require restarting and will sync once restarted. Moving more than one subdisk in a RAID-5 plex or subdisks from both sides of a mirrored plex volume will destroy data. Note that parity rebuilds and syncing must be started manually after a move.

printconfig

Write a copy of the current configuration to standard output.

quit

Exit gvinum when running in interactive mode. Normally this would be done by entering the EOF character.

raid5 [-fv] [-s stripesize] [-n name] drives

Create a RAID-5 volume from the specified drives. If no name is specified, a unique name will be set by gvinum. This organization requires at least three drives.

rename [-r] drive | subdisk | plex | volume newname

Change the name of the specified object. The -r flag will recursively rename subordinate objects.

Note that device nodes will not be renamed until gvinum is restarted.

rebuildparity [-f] plex

Rebuild the parity blocks of a RAID-5 plex. The parity rebuild will start at the beginning of the plex if the -f flag is specified, or otherwise at the location of the parity check pointer. All subdisks in the plex must be up for a parity check.

resetconfig [-f]

Reset the complete gvinum configuration.

rm [-r] volume | plex | subdisk

Remove an object and, if -r is specified, its subordinate objects.

saveconfig

Save gvinum configuration to disk after configuration failures.

setstate [-f] state volume | plex | subdisk | drive

Set state without influencing other objects, for diagnostic purposes only. The -f flag forces state changes regardless of whether they are legal.

start

Read configuration from all vinum drives.

start [-S size] volume | plex | subdisk

Allow the system to access the objects. If necessary, plexes will be synced and rebuilt. If a subdisk was added to a running RAID-5 or striped plex, gvinum will expand into this subdisk and grow the whole RAID-5 array. This can be done without unmounting your filesystem. The -S flag is currently ignored.

stop [-f] [volume | plex | subdisk]

Terminate access to the objects, or stop gvinum if no parameters are specified.

stripe [-fv] [-n name] drives

Create a striped volume from the specified drives. If no name is specified, a unique name will be set by gvinum. This organization requires at least two drives.

DESCRIPTION

The gvinum utility communicates with the kernel component of the GVinum logical volume manager. It is designed either for interactive use, when started without command line arguments, or to execute a single command if the command is supplied on the command line. In interactive mode, gvinum maintains a command line history.

OPTIONS

The gvinum commands may be followed by an option.

-f

The -f (“force”) option overrides safety checks. It should be used with extreme caution. This option is required in order to use the move command.

-r

The -r (“recursive”) option applies the command recursively to subordinate objects. For example, in conjunction with the lv command, the -r option will also show information about the plexes and subdisks belonging to the volume. It is also used by the rename command to indicate that subordinate objects such as subdisks should be renamed to match the object(s) specified and by the rm command to delete plexes belonging to a volume and so on.

-v

The -v (“verbose”) option provides more detailed output.

-V

The -V (“very verbose”) option provides even more detailed output than -v.

ENVIRONMENT

EDITOR

The name of the editor to use for editing configuration files, by default vi(1) is invoked.

FILES

/dev/gvinum

directory with device nodes for gvinum objects

EXAMPLES

To create a mirror on disks /dev/ada1 and /dev/ada2, create a filesystem, mount, unmount and then stop gvinum:

To create a striped mirror on disks /dev/ada1 /dev/ada2 /dev/ada3 and /dev/ada4 named "data" and create a filesystem:

To create a raid5 array on disks /dev/ada1 /dev/ada2 and /dev/ada3, with stripesize 493k you can use the raid5 command:

Then the volume will be created automatically. Afterwards, you have to initialize the volume:

The initialization will start, and the states will be updated when it's finished. The list command will give you information about its progress.

Imagine that one of the drives fails, and the output of 'printconfig' looks something like this:

Create a new drive with this configuration:

Then move the stale subdisk to the new drive:

Then, initiate the rebuild:

The plex will go up form degraded mode after the rebuild is finished. The plex can still be used while the rebuild is in progress, although requests might be delayed.

Given the configuration as in the previous example, growing a RAID-5 or STRIPED array is accomplished by using the grow command:

If everything went ok, the plex state should now be set to growable. You can then start the growing with the start command:

As with rebuilding, you can watch the progress using the list command.

For a more advanced usage and detailed explanation of gvinum, the handbook is recommended.

SEE ALSO

geom(4), geom(8)

HISTORY

The gvinum utility first appeared in FreeBSD 5.3. The vinum utility, on which gvinum is based, was written by Greg Lehey.

The gvinum utility was written by Lukas Ertl. The move and rename commands and documentation were added by Chris Jones through the 2005 Google Summer of Code program. A partial rewrite of gvinum was done by Lukas Ertl and Ulf Lilleengen through the 2007 Google Summer of Code program. The documentation have been updated to reflect the new functionality.

AUTHORS

Lukas Ertl <le@FreeBSD.org>
Chris Jones <soc-cjones@FreeBSD.org>
Ulf Lilleengen <lulf@FreeBSD.org>

BUGS

Currently, gvinum does not rename devices in /dev/gvinum until reloaded.

The -S initsize flag to start is ignored.

Moving subdisks that are not part of a mirrored or RAID-5 volume will destroy data. It is perhaps a bug to permit this.

Plexes in which subdisks have been moved do not automatically sync or rebuild parity. This may leave data unprotected and is perhaps unwise.

Currently, gvinum does not yet fully implement all of the functions found in vinum. Specifically, the following commands from vinum are not supported:

debug

Cause the volume manager to enter the kernel debugger.

debug flags

Set debugging flags.

dumpconfig [drive ...]

List the configuration information stored on the specified drives, or all drives in the system if no drive names are specified.

info [-vV]

List information about volume manager state.

label volume

Create a volume label.

resetstats [-r] [volume | plex | subdisk]

Reset statistics counters for the specified objects, or for all objects if none are specified.

setdaemon [value]

Set daemon configuration.